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A smart card or integrated circuit card (ICC) is very small as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process data. You may receive input that is processed through the Integrated Circuit Card applications and delivered as an output.
This integrated circuit can consist EEPROM only in the case of a memory card, or may also contain ROM, RAM and even a CPU.
Smart cards have been designed with the appearance credit card or debit card, but can operate at least three levels, credit – debit – personal information. Smart cards contain a microchip in the central processing unit, random access memory (RAM) and data storage of about 10 MB.
Smart Card is a mini-computer without the screen and keyboard. Smart cards contain an operating system like personal computers. Smart cards can store and process information and are completely interactive. Advanced smart cards also contain a file structure with secret keys and encryption algorithms. Due to the encrypted file system, data can be stored in separate files, with full security.
Smart cards usually have between 2,000 and 8,000 bytes of electronic data. Because those bytes can be encoded electronically, the effective storage capacity of each card has increased significantly. Magnetic stripe cards, such as those issued by banks and credit card companies, lack the security of microchips, but they are still inexpensive due to its status as a single-purpose card. Smart cards can be a carrier of multiple records for multiple purposes. The distributed processing smart cards can reduce the need for increasingly large mainframe computers and the costs of local and long distance telephone circuits necessary to maintain on-line connection to a central computer.
Using Smart Cards
Security: – Mozilla Firefox web browser can use smart cards to store certificates for use in secure web browsing.
Some disk encryption systems, such as FreeOTFE (On The Fly Encryption), you can use smart cards to securely hold encryption keys.
Smart cards are also used for single sign-on to log on computers
Balance: – Smart cards include their use as credit or ATM cards, a fuel card, SIM cards for mobile phones, authorization cards for pay television, pre-pay for public services in the home, high-security identification and access control cards, and public transport and the payment card payphone.
ID: – A rapidly growing application is in the cards digital identification. In this application, the cards are used for authentication of identity. The smart card stores an encrypted digital certificate issued by ICP (PKI) along with all the information relevant or necessary of others concerning the cardholder.
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